AMNA NAWAZ: Good evening.

I'm Amna Nawaz.

Geoff Bennett is away.

On the "NewsHour" tonight: A judge rules that a Columbia graduate student who protested against the war in Gaza can be deported.

How the case plays into the Trump administration's broader immigration crackdown.

China again raises tariffs on goods from the United States, the latest escalation of the global trade war.

And a sense of patriotism takes hold among the people of Taiwan in the face of growing threats from the powerful country next door.

CLARISSA WEI, Author, "Made in Taiwan": Taiwan has never in its history been ruled by the People's Republic of China, and that has made a huge difference in our culture.

(BREAK) AMNA NAWAZ: Welcome to the "News Hour."

Today, an immigration judge in Louisiana ruled that the Trump administration can deport Mahmoud Khalil, a Columbia University graduate student and legal permanent resident who was detained last month for his role in campus protests against the war in Gaza.

Judge Jamee Comans said the government met its burden of evidence to support the determination that Khalil poses adverse foreign policy consequences for the United States, despite not being charged with a crime.

Our White House correspondent, Laura Barron-Lopez, has been covering this and joins me now.

So, Laura, the judge has decided that Khalil can be deported.

He won't be immediately deported, though.

Explain that and what happens next.

LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: So the reason he won't be immediately deported is because there's two tracks happening at the same exact time, Amna.

Right now, there are the immigration court proceedings in Louisiana.

And that's the judge we heard from today, ruling that he can be deported.

And Khalil's lawyers are going to appeal that ruling today in immigration court seeking relief.

Now, at the same time, there is a federal judge in New Jersey that as early as today, because there's a hearing occurring today, as early as today, that federal judge in New Jersey could decide whether Khalil must be released from detention, where he's currently being held in Louisiana.

I spoke to Khalil's lawyer, Baher Azmy, and he said that the federal court is where that constitutional question is going to be answered and that they are confident that the federal judge will not accept the Secretary of State Marco Rubio's determination at face value.

And the lawyers essentially hope that Khalil can be released while that constitutional question about his freedom of speech protections will play out in federal court.

AMNA NAWAZ: All right, late yesterday the Supreme Court ruled on another major immigration case I know you have been following.

They said the administration must facilitate the return of Kilmar Abrego Garcia.

That's a Maryland man who was wrongfully deported to El Salvador last month.

What's the latest on that?

LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: So, just as a reminder, the Justice Department admitted in a court filing just a few weeks ago that they wrongfully deported Garcia based on -- quote -- "an administrative error."

Now, Garcia is a father who has protected legal status.

And the judge repeatedly said today, asked the administration specifics about what they had done so far to attempt to bring Garcia back to the United States from El Salvador.

And the Justice Department did not provide any answers there.

The judge also grew frustrated when asking the Trump administration lawyer for basic details about Alberto Garcia's location.

Where exactly is he?

And that exchange was highlighted by Garcia's lawyers today.

SIMON SANDOVAL-MOSHENBERG, Attorney For Kilmar Abrego Garcia: That was the most shocking thing of all, that the attorney for the government wasn't even prepared to answer the question, where is Kilmar Abrego today and what is his custodial status?

I was very dismayed and disheartened by the fact that they wouldn't answer such a straightforward question.

LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: The Trump administration has been extremely defiant in this case, Amna.

They have been fighting essentially bringing back Garcia to the United States, saying that they just have to facilitate it, not effectuate it.

And it's unclear what exactly facilitation means.

Now, Abrego's lawyer was incredulous, as you heard there, and also said that they were confused as to why there had been many hours since the Supreme Court's ruling and yet the government appeared to not be doing much to bring Garcia back to the United States.

AMNA NAWAZ: So, Abrego Garcia was here with legal protected status.

Khalil was here, as you mentioned, as a legal green card holder.

Are we seeing the Trump administration go after more people with legal status here in the States?

LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: We are.

We have seen hundreds of students who have visas who have then had their visas revoked by the Trump administration in recent weeks.

And many of them have said that they aren't given explanations as to why.

They have not been charged with crimes, like Khalil has not.

And also this week, Homeland Security announced that they are increasing surveillance on immigrants.

They said that they're monitoring immigrant social media to root out antisemitism.

And this is all happening as temporary protected status, another form of legal protection, is essentially hanging in the balance.

And on that front and on the wider anti-immigration agenda, I spoke to David Leopold.

He's an immigration attorney and former president of the American Immigration Lawyers Association.

And we talked about President Trump's larger anti-immigration agenda and the administration's campaign to convince immigrants to self-deport.

David Leopold, thank you so much for joining us.

There's been a flurry of court action in the last 24 hours.

And the Supreme Court ordered the Trump administration to -- quote -- "facilitate" the return of Kilmar Abrego Garcia from El Salvador.

That's different wording than the lower court used, which was to effectuate his return from El Salvador.

So what does this mean?

I mean, what exactly can the court compel the administration to do in this case?

DAVID LEOPOLD, Former President, American Immigration Lawyers Association: Well, listen, I have handled cases where people have been deported improperly.

And the court has the authority and the jurisdiction to order a person who's improperly, unlawfully deported back.

And we know that Mr. Garcia, who was living his life, children, was arrested when his son, his special needs son, was in the car, was unlawfully deported.

The government has -- the Trump administration has admitted the mistake.

And the fact that they're not effectuating, facilitating, getting him back here right now tonight is just astounding to those of us who respect the rule of law, which is the country.

LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: In another case, a judge said that the administration could move forward with creating an immigrant registry, requiring all foreign nationals who've been in the U.S. more than 30 days to register with the federal government.

Karoline Leavitt, White House press secretary, addressed today's deadline for migrants to register.

KAROLINE LEAVITT, White House Press Secretary: As President Trump and Secretary Noem have both said, if you register and you leave now, you choose to self-deport, you may have the opportunity to return later legally.

But if not, you will be arrested, fined, deported, never to return to our country again.

LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: David, who does this apply to?

And is the administration's overall goal here to convince undocumented migrants and potentially some legal immigrants to self-deport?

DAVID LEOPOLD: Well, look, this whole use of the registry, the registry -- a registry has always been part of the law.

I think what's going on here is most of the undocumented immigrants in this country, these are the people that put food on our table.

These are the people that take care of our moms and our dads who are in assisted living.

These are the people who got us through the pandemic.

Trump at that time five years ago called them essential workers, because that's what they are.

And most of these folks are just working hard and trying to make it.

The problem they have got is that the law has never been fixed and there is no lawful pathway for them to get their U.S. passports and their citizenship.

So what the Trump administration appears to be doing is using the registry law to criminalize people, taking people who are not -- who are law-abiding, hardworking folk, and giving them some technical criminal violation.

It's just awful.

LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: I want to ask you about those - - the cancellation of those Social Security numbers for some 6,000 immigrants living in the U.S. that you mentioned.

The administration did it by moving them to the agency's death master file, taking away a key form of tax identification.

So what does this mean for those immigrants, practically?

DAVID LEOPOLD: Well, it's, yes, a good question.

Look, immigrants pay roughly $25.7 billion every year in Social Security taxes.

So let's start there.

What is the object here?

What is the -- what is the gain the administration is going to get by taking that kind of money out of the Social Security system every year?

What the administration is doing is it's doing in other areas is, it's weaponizing -- it's weaponizing Social Security.

It's weaponizing it against immigrants.

And it's an invasion of privacy.

Don't think that it's going to stop with immigrants' Social Security numbers.

They're going to be going through -- government bureaucrats going through a Social Security system that has all of our numbers in there and all of our privacy information and all of our data.

And this comes at a time when our seniors -- our seniors are terrified.

Because of the cuts that are coming to the Social Security Administration and other administrations -- other agencies within the federal government, they're terrified they're not going to be getting their benefits, and with good reason.

And now they're going to go in and they're going to invade privacy?

And we know, we know that mistakes are going to be made.

What's going to happen when American seniors start losing their benefits because they get improperly put into what they call the death row or the death registry or whatever they call it, and they stop getting their payments?

What's going to happen when privacy is invaded and people's information that they assumed that they, for generations, was going to remain private is opened up by government bureaucrats who are making mistakes and getting into the wrong files?

LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: There were a number of other developments on immigration today.

A judge denied a request to immediately stop the administration from carrying out deportation raids at churches.

And this is all as the administration is moving to strip away legal status from many immigrants.

Their efforts to revoke protected status for hundreds of thousands of Latin American migrants is being halted.

But, despite that, Homeland Security today move forward with stripping temporary protected status from some 10,000 people from Afghanistan and Cameroon.

What are you telling your clients, David, whether they're undocumented or they're legal immigrants?

DAVID LEOPOLD: Well, look, we're in an unprecedented situation.

I mean, we have never seen an attack like that -- like this from all fronts against people who are in the country legally.

Those Afghans that you mentioned, the Venezuelans, others, they're here in this country legally.

They came legally.

And so what this administration is doing is, it's taking the lawful status away and making them unlawful.

And they're doing it in a particularly cruel way.

We know what happens to people who go back to Afghanistan.

The Taliban still operates there.

I have had clients flee the Taliban and wind up in the United States on special visas.

This is just absolutely cruel.

And it's outrageous to be sending people back to possible -- well, I don't want to think of the consequences, death, imprisonment.

It's not clear to me what the objective is here, what the objective is, to take people who have come to this country lawfully -- let's reemphasize that -- and to then strip them of that lawful status and then start trying to remove them from the United States.

LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: Immigration lawyer David Leopold, thank you so much for your time.

DAVID LEOPOLD: Thank you.

AMNA NAWAZ: The U.S. trade war with China continues to escalate with no apparent end in sight.

Today, Beijing announced it will raise rates on American goods, a direct retaliation to President Trump's sharp increase in tariffs on the world's second largest economy.

Lisa Desjardins has this report.

LISA DESJARDINS: On Chinese state television, an economic shot fired, word that Beijing is raising its tariff on U.S. goods from 84 to 125 percent, more than doubling the costs.

LIN JIAN, Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson (through translator): China is a responsible country.

In the face of U.S. bullying and hegemony, compromising concession are not a way out.

LISA DESJARDINS: This after the Trump administration pushed U.S. tariffs on China to 145 percent earlier this week.

American small business owners are watching for fallout.

JOSE GARCIA, Owner, La Fiesta: Right now, as any business, I think we are on a day-to-day basis.

LISA DESJARDINS: Jose Garcia owns a party supply store in Los Angeles and imports much of what he sells.

JOSE GARCIA: Balloons, latex balloons, ribbons, bags, and everything made in China.

LISA DESJARDINS: But other industries say the tariffs could be a Godsend, like these shrimpers on the Gulf Coast.

KEN GARCIA, Manager, Quality Seafoods: We're American businesses.

Our whole town thrives off the shrimping industry.

LISA DESJARDINS: Ken Garcia, no relation to Jose, says cheap imports have left U.S. shrimpers struggling.

KEN GARCIA: We really needed something to help us propel us back into profitability.

And it looks like these Trump tariffs are going to be able to do that.

LISA DESJARDINS: This comes as Chinese state media reported that President Xi Jinping told world leaders China and Europe must oppose unilateral bullying.

VALDIS DOMBROVSKIS, European Commissioner for Economy and Productivity: So let me make it clear, Europe did not start this confrontation and Europe does not want this confrontation.

LISA DESJARDINS: Europe, dealing with a 10 percent tariff from Trump, has welcomed the administration's pause on anything larger.

But the European economy commissioner had a warning.

VALDIS DOMBROVSKIS: If we do not see movement also from the U.S. side and willingness to move away from this kind of tariff policy, we will help to defend our economy, we will help to defend our companies.

LISA DESJARDINS: Today, the White House said phones were ringing off the hook from countries hoping to make deals.

KAROLINE LEAVITT, White House Press Secretary: More than 15 offers are already on the table.

LISA DESJARDINS: White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said the president wants Americans to be patient.

KAROLINE LEAVITT: As he said, this is going to be a period of transition.

He wants consumers to trust in him and they should trust in him.

LISA DESJARDINS: This after 10 days of stock market upheaval that for some might have felt like weeks.

On April 2, when Trump announced sweeping tariffs, the Dow Jones industrial began to plummet.

It regained some footing when Trump backed off the toughest tariffs earlier this week.

But as today started, the Dow was still sharply below where it was last month.

Something else is lower too.

New data from the University of Michigan shows consumer confidence dropped for the fourth straight month.

For the "PBS News Hour," I'm Lisa Desjardins.

AMNA NAWAZ: The wild week on Wall Street ended on a higher note today.

The Dow Jones industrial average climbed back above 40000, while the Nasdaq shot up by more than 2 percent.

The S&P 500 rallied as well by almost 2 percent.

For a closer look now at how these tariffs are already impacting the U.S. and global economies, we're joined tonight by Mary Lovely, a senior fellow who studies tariffs at the nonpartisan Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Mary, thanks for being here.

MARY LOVELY, Peterson Institute for International Economics: It's my pleasure.

AMNA NAWAZ: So let's just begin with the latest retaliation from Beijing, raising tariffs on U.S. imports to 125 percent.

What companies and industries here will feel that?

And what are the potential ripple effects of that?

MARY LOVELY: Well, obviously, it's going to be our export sectors and our exporters, agriculture, soybeans, the chicken industry.

We sell a lot of chicken to China.

Advanced machinery will feel it.

So all of these exports are now reaching prohibitive rates, which means that they will have to turn to somebody else, just as they did during the first trade war, but at these much, much higher rates.

The first time rates went up to maximum about 25 percent on some goods.

And now, as you heard today, we're over 100 percent.

AMNA NAWAZ: I mean, for like the semiconductor business, for example, we know the tariff hurt that industry as well, targets that industry.

China, my understanding is, imports some $10 billion in semiconductor chips from the U.S. every year.

These new tariffs are going to put pressure on companies like Intel and others with domestic manufacturing.

What can they do now?

Is there any way that they can still maintain access to the Chinese market or do they potentially shift manufacturing out of the U.S.?

MARY LOVELY: Well, many of them will -- some of them will shift manufacturing out of the U.S. What we're seeing is sort of a bifurcation or a splitting.

So you will see companies investing in the U.S. for the U.S., and they will be able to operate behind this tariff wall with high prices.

So they will be able to create things that might in the past not have been really economic to produce here because they have these high prices.

But for serving the rest of the world, they will go outside the U.S.

They won't have to pay higher taxes on their inputs, the things that they import to use in production.

And they won't face retaliatory tariffs from other trade partners.

AMNA NAWAZ: This escalation has continued step by step.

Do you see this moving towards negotiation between the U.S. and China any time soon?

MARY LOVELY: No, I don't see it moving toward negotiation.

I don't -- for the big economies.

So that includes China and the E.U.

Smaller countries, particularly those that are more dependent on the U.S. market, will make offers.

The president's press secretary has said the phone's been ringing.

That rings true to me for smaller countries, but bigger countries, those that can kind of stand up to this aggression, they will stand up.

They have to.

They have their own domestic political constituents who want them to stand up, and they won't make concessions.

AMNA NAWAZ: I want to ask you about something else I know we have been tracking.

We saw again today yields on U.S. government bonds, which is normally a very steady market, rising sharply.

We have also seen the continued weakening of the U.S. dollar.

How -- what does all of this tell you together, as one big picture, in terms of how the rest of the world is viewing the U.S. economy right now?

MARY LOVELY: I think it's very clear people are - - foreigners are taking their money out of the U.S.

The U.S. was always seen as the safest place, even when we had the global financial crisis about 15 years ago.

They actually put money into the U.S., because this is the safe haven.

That view of the U.S. as being the home of safe assets is eroding, and we're seeing them move out.

This is a big problem, because it's going to drive interest rates up at a time when, of course, the government is getting ready to increase the federal budget deficit and borrow a lot more.

That's going to put a lot more borrowing costs on to the American taxpayer.

AMNA NAWAZ: We're actually seeing governments in Europe, I was reading, put into place billions of euros, sort of as like a tariff shield, preparing some kind of financial support for their businesses.

What are they bracing for exactly?

MARY LOVELY: Well they're bracing for the loss of the access to the U.S. market.

And, for Europe, that's basically machinery and autos.

Autos will be hit very hard.

They're going to be hit under the 25 percent auto tariffs, which are separate from the so-called retaliatory tariffs or reciprocal tariffs that President Trump now has on pause.

Those companies are going to need support.

The same thing is going to be here.

We're hearing a lot of talk now about providing support for American farmers.

So, whatever tariff revenue that we have coming in is not going to be used toward deficit reduction.

It's going to have to be used to support American farmers in particular.

AMNA NAWAZ: Meanwhile, as you heard Lisa report there, consumer sentiment plunged in April.

That was, we should note, across age and income and education and political affiliation.

So, if prices go up because of the tariffs and consumers pull back, what could that do to the U.S. economy.

What could be ahead?

MARY LOVELY: Well, obviously, the probability of a recession has gone up.

For many forecasters, still, it's not what they necessarily think will happen, but economic activity will slow.

So people -- some people will lose their jobs.

Some people won't see raises.

They're going to see higher prices for things like cars and refrigerators.

So what do you do?

You decide to keep your powder dry.

You don't spend.

You have a gloomier output -- outlook for the future I mean, I think we're seeing that.

And it's a natural, normal response to what's happening on the global -- on the global stage.

AMNA NAWAZ: At the same time, we have heard the White House argue that this disruption is what they want, that the global trade paradigm has not been serving the U.S. Could all of this disruption lead to better deals, a better trade arrangement for the United States?

MARY LOVELY: Well, there are very legitimate complaints that the U.S. has.

However, when you think about it, does bullying - - bullying may get some concessions, but does it get lasting concessions?

Does it get the kind of cooperation -- there's lots of ways to put those barriers back in place that are hidden barriers, things that we're actually protesting now.

I think that people may have been somewhat disappointed that the U.S. hasn't made further progress on this.

I don't think this is going to work.

The other thing, of course, is that bringing manufacturing back to the U.S., we have to ask ourselves, what kind of manufacturing?

Do we want to be making lingerie and shoes, things we get from China?

I think, when Americans think about reindustrialization, they think about high-tech manufacturing and good jobs.

That cannot be done by Q4 of this year.

That kind of transition takes years.

AMNA NAWAZ: Mary Lovely of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, thank you so much for being here.

Great to talk to you.

MARY LOVELY: Thank you.

AMNA NAWAZ: The day's other headlines begin with the search for answers from Thursday's deadly crash of a tourist helicopter into New York's Hudson River.

Eyewitness video captured the moment that the chopper plummeted in pieces into the waters below, killing all six people on board.

The victims included Siemens executive Agustin Escobar, his wife and their three young children, along with the pilot.

Diving teams searched the river for the helicopter's rotors, as well as its transmission today.

National Transportation Safety Board investigators said they needed those pieces to complete a fuller picture of what happened.

NTSB Chair Jennifer Homendy said it was still too early to draw conclusions.

JENNIFER HOMENDY, Chair, National Transportation Safety Board: We need to focus on finding some of the additional components and structures that we're looking for, conduct witness interviews and gather the records that we need.

We can review the records later.

So that probable cause will not occur for quite some time.

AMNA NAWAZ: In the meantime, in Florida, another fatal incident involving an aircraft.

A small plane crashed near a highway in Boca Raton this morning, killing all three people on board, according to police.

Flames roared up from the crash, injuring another person nearby in a car.

The NTSB is also leading the investigation into that crash.

A Russian-American dual citizen is safely back on U.S. soil after being imprisoned in Russia for 14 months on charges of treason for donating to a charity that supported Ukraine.

An overjoyed Ksenia Karelina hugged her boyfriend on the tarmac of Joint Base Andrews overnight.

She was returned in a prisoner swap as the U.S. and Russia look to normalize relations.

This all comes as us special envoy Steve Witkoff was in Russia today for talks with President Vladimir Putin.

Witkoff had been pressing the Kremlin to accept a truce with Kyiv.

Meanwhile, today in Brussels, NATO allies pledged another $24 billion dollars in support to Ukraine for its war against Russia, which is now in its fourth year.

Iowa Republican Governor Kim Reynolds says she won't seek reelection for a third term in 2026.

She was the state's first female governor, serving in the role since 2017.

On social media, she said it was a tough choice, but wanted to prioritize being with her family.

GOV.

KIM REYNOLDS (R-IA): This wasn't an easy decision because I love the state and I love serving you.

But when my term ends, I will have had the privilege of serving as your governor for almost 10 years.

AMNA NAWAZ: Her departure sets up the state's first election for governor without an incumbent in nearly two decades.

Overnight, the Senate confirmed Air Force Lieutenant General Dan Caine to be chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in a bipartisan 60-to-25 vote.

President Trump is referred to him by the nickname Razin Caine.

Trump nominated him to be the nation's top military officer after he abruptly fired his predecessor, General C.Q.

Brown.

The Trump administration viewed Brown unfavorably as a backer of DEI initiatives in the military.

Caine came under intense scrutiny during his confirmation process for a story the president repeatedly told, that Caine wore a Make America Great Again hat when the two first met.

Caine distanced himself from politics.

LT. GEN. DAN CAINE (RET.

), Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff: My name is Dan Caine.

For 34 years, I have upheld my oath of office and in the responsibilities of my commission.

I think I went back and listened to those tapes, and I think the president was actually talking about somebody else.

And I have never worn any political merchandise.

AMNA NAWAZ: Caine is a decorated combat pilot, but he technically does not meet the qualifications for the job because he was neither a combatant commander nor a service chief.

The president can and has waived those requirements in this instance.

The Pentagon has fired the commander of the Greenland space base that Vice President J.D.

Vance and second lady Usha Vance visited last month.

Colonel Susannah Meyers wrote an e-mail to staff that was critical of the vice president's public comments during his visit, where he continued to push for the U.S. to take control of Greenland.

The e-mail read in part -- quote -- "I do not presume to understand current politics, but what I do know is, the concerns of the U.S. administration are not reflective of Pituffik Space Base."

A Space Force spokesperson said her removal was due to -- quote -- "loss of confidence in her ability to lead."

And a number of nations have agreed to impose what's effectively the first global tax on greenhouse gas emissions from shipping.

It'll entail a minimum $100 charge for every ton of greenhouse gases that ships emit above certain levels.

The revenues, estimated between $11 billion and $13 billion a year, will go toward renewable fuels and tech to help shift the sector toward green shipping.

The U.S. was not a part of the agreement, which is set to take effect in 2027.

Still to come on the "News Hour": David Brooks and Jonathan Capehart weigh in on the week's political headlines; and a new film chronicles a Navy SEAL mission in Iraq based on the memories of those who lived it.

Over the past few days, we have brought you a series of reports about how Taiwan is strengthening its military and society in order to fend off aggression from mainland China.

Tonight, Nick Schifrin looks at how, in recent years, the people of Taiwan have increasingly identified themselves as Taiwanese, not Chinese, in everything from food to sport.

This is all part of our series "Taiwan: Risk and Resistance."

NICK SCHIFRIN: Welcome to Clarissa Wei's kitchen.

CLARISSA WEI, Author, "Made in Taiwan": It's interesting to see how this dish has evolved over the years.

NICK SCHIFRIN: She's teaching me a classic Taiwanese dish.

CLARISSA WEI: Today, we're making beef noodle soup.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Served with a dash of history... CLARISSA WEI: People don't realize even the diversity that is in this island.

NICK SCHIFRIN: ... and a side of politics.

CLARISSA WEI: In terms of our political stance, who we are as a country, we are Taiwanese.

So, now we're going to add in the noodles.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Wei is the Taiwanese-American author of a Taiwanese cookbook whose family has lived on this island for two centuries.

CLARISSA WEI: I'm using black soybean soy sauce today, and that's very unique to Taiwan.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Turns out, in this pot of beef noodle soup is the melting pot that is Taiwan.

CLARISSA WEI: All of these ingredients together, to me, it really tells the story of, like, resilience and what it was like in the '50s, when the Chinese refugees came over fleeing the Chinese civil war.

NARRATOR: Formosa, last-ditch stronghold of the Chinese nationalist army.

NICK SCHIFRIN: In 1949, Chinese nationalists lost the civil war to the communists and fled to Taiwan, also called Formosa.

CLARISSA WEI: This concept of a Taiwanese identity is very new.

In my parents' age, they did not identify necessarily as Taiwanese.

NICK SCHIFRIN: But, today, Taiwan's identity is a proud democracy, with influence from indigenous tribes, a half-century of Japanese colonial rule... CLARISSA WEI: Our rice vinegar is actually made in the Japanese style, not the Chinese style.

NICK SCHIFRIN: ... and 75 years of U.S. presence.

CLARISSA WEI: People have brought different food cultures, different food techniques.

And where we are right now, people are sort of combining that together to form something that is very uniquely Taiwanese.

NICK SCHIFRIN: A uniqueness that Wei says has fused because of Chinese behavior and Chinese military action directed at Taiwan.

There is a politics in Taiwan involved with that Taiwanese identity as created in part by Beijing's coercion and aggressiveness?

CLARISSA WEI: Yes.

When I say fish noodle soup is Taiwanese, it is incredible how many people are mad at me from the other side.

Taiwan has never in its history been ruled by the People's Republic of China, and that has made a huge difference in our culture.

NICK SCHIFRIN: So what am I smelling in this?

CLARISSA WEI: A lot of spices.

So there are peppercorns in there.

NICK SCHIFRIN: It's not just about taste.

It's about how it makes Taiwanese feel.

Oh, and it's -- the beef is so soft, yes.

CLARISSA WEI: You know, even though this was invented from people from China, they were fleeing the People's Republic of China, and then they created this in Taiwan as an act of resilience, as an act to feed their family.

And this is the product of Taiwanese history.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Creating their own food, creating their own identity.

CLARISSA WEI: Exactly.

NICK SCHIFRIN: That identity can also be seen in a different kind of fusion of America and Japan.

Taiwan's national identity is heavily shaped by the United States, which has had a presence on the island for decades.

But it's also shaped by the island's Japanese colonial era.

And it was Japan who brought the national pastime to Taiwan, baseball.

Taipei recently hosted qualifiers for the World Baseball Classic.

Looks like your local sandlot, with a few enthusiastic color-coordinated additions.

And in the booth upstairs, Tseng Wen-cheng was calling the game.

He's been a commentator for 40 years and a fan for even longer.

So this is the souvenir room.

Back in his home, he shows off his favorite keepsakes, Taiwan's most famous Major Leaguer, Tseng immortalized in bobblehead and Tseng with Taiwan's former president wearing the uniform of his favorite team.

TSENG WEN-CHENG, Baseball Commentator (through translator): I grew up just like every other kid in Taiwan.

I have loved baseball since I was little.

Baseball was my childhood, my everything.

NICK SCHIFRIN: It was introduced during the colonial period by Japan.

So how has it become Taiwanese and part of the national identity?

TSENG WEN-CHENG (through translator): Taiwan has faced challenges gaining international recognition and establishing itself as a nation.

But when our baseball team competes, wins and earns respect, it feels like we're putting Taiwan on the map.

It's more than just a sport.

It gives us a sense of pride.

NICK SCHIFRIN: And yet, under Olympic committee rules created by Chinese pressure, the team competes internationally not as team Taiwan, but as Chinese Taipei.

That's led to a coded gesture of national pride by the team captain, who framed his jersey, where he says it should say Taiwan, an act of defiance repeated by Taiwan's vice president and backed up by Astrid Huang.

ASTRID HUANG, Baseball Fan: I don't like other people or other countries call us Chinese Taipei.

I think we are Taiwan.

NICK SCHIFRIN: There is not unity here about Beijing or identity politics.

DUFF YOUNG, Baseball Fan: Especially for Chinese Taipei, we need to win today.

NICK SCHIFRIN: But as people here increasingly identify themselves as Taiwanese, and not Chinese, so they consider themselves team Taiwan.

TSENG WEN-CHENG (through translator): The name Chinese Taipei is something we had no choice but to accept.

But, deep down, we all see ourselves as team Taiwan, not Chinese Taipei.

So whenever there's a chance to highlight our true identity, we take it.

NICK SCHIFRIN: An identity that many here say is made in Taiwan.

For the "PBS News Hour," I'm Nick Schifrin in Taipei, Taiwan.

AMNA NAWAZ: From tariffs that sent the markets reeling to legal immigrants having their status revoked, it's been quite a week.

We're going to turn now to the analysis of Brooks and Capehart.

That is New York Times columnist David Brooks and Jonathan Capehart, associate editor for The Washington Post.

Great to see you both.

AMNA NAWAZ: So, roller-coaster week for the markets, as you have both seen, driven almost entirely by this on-again/off-again tariffs policy.

Jonathan, the White House says this was all the art of the deal, that the countries are now lining up to negotiate separate country-by-country trade deals.

Do you see a strategy here, or do you see a president who saw markets plunging on his policies and blinked?

JONATHAN CAPEHART: No and yes.

No, there's no strategy here, none at all.

And, yes, he saw the markets tanking and blinked, but blinked I think primarily because of the bond markets.

And you had a segment earlier where you talked all about this, but I think people need to understand and appreciate that, while Donald Trump has been able to defy political gravity, this week, he learned that he cannot defy economic gravity.

And when the bond markets -- when folks who usually go to the bond market when the stock market is going bananas and they decide to sell off their bonds, that has enormous implications for the American economy, for bonds being the safe haven for the world.

That's not the case anymore.

And the idea that he single-handedly is going to, like, wrangle the world to his view on tariffs is, I don't know how else to describe it other than insane.

AMNA NAWAZ: David, what do you make of that?

DAVID BROOKS: Yes, I remember wasn't in the James Carville in the Clinton years who said, when he died, he wanted to be reincarnated as the bond markets, because they have all the power?

DAVID BROOKS: So there's some truth to that.

I think there's been a shift.

And so there was some rationale.

It was stupid, but it was a rationale for the original tariff everybody.

And that was, we want to restore manufacturing to this country.

DAVID BROOKS: But when it becomes deal by deal, and it's all temporary, and it's all up for negotiation, no entrepreneur is going to invest in this country if this -- the tariff levels are going to move up and down.

There's just no way you're going to invest.

And so what is -- that regime was to try to restore manufacturing.

This regime is about corruption.

And so what is a tariff?

It's an amassing of political power over the economy.

And what do people do who are in the economy who want to keep their business alive?

They have to find a way to bribe the political leaders who run the tariffs.

And so the countries are going to come in, hiring local lobbyists here to lobby the Trump administration.

What do we have to give?

Who do we have to give to?

Companies are going to be asking for waivers.

Who do -- what we have to give?

How much do you want, Mr. Trump?

And so the fact that Trump's in the center of all these negotiations puts him in the center of a web of corruption.

And I think that's what we're going to see.

AMNA NAWAZ: How much of this do you think is about countering China, though?

Because, obviously, that trade war continues to escalate.

The White House would say, this has put China in a bad position.

That's good for the U.S. DAVID BROOKS: Yes, that's more defensible, frankly.

China really is dumping cheap electrical vehicles on the whole rest of the world.

And so I think, if we focused on China, and if we did it in a way that was predictable and that was ratcheting, rather than drastic up and down, you could defend that policy.

But the way Trump is doing it is, like, so massive that a lot of -- like, if you buy T-shirts, if you buy a dry cleaner -- I mean, a washing machine, all that stuff comes from China.

Bicycles come from China.

The fact is, the bottom line is, if they make cars cheaper and better than we do, they're going to be able to sell their cars.

And the core problem here is not China being exploitative, though they do that.

The core problem is, they're better at manufacturing than we are.

And so somehow we have to fix that problem, but tariffs are not the way.

AMNA NAWAZ: Jonathan, we heard this concern from Democrats and others this week about some of the messaging from the president, encouraging people as the markets were plunging to buy into the dip.

Last Friday, he posted online: "This is a great time to get rich."

On Wednesday he posted: "This is a great time to buy."

That was right before he paused those higher tariffs.

We know a lot of the other tariffs still stay in place.

What do you make of all that?

Should that be investigated?

JONATHAN CAPEHART: Yes, it should be investigated.

But I think that's a prime example of what David was just talking about, about the corruption that all of this seems to engender.

Of course this needs to be investigated.

Of course it needs to be, but it's not going to be, quite honestly.

Democrats are not in - - they're not in the majority.

And Republicans don't seem to be interested in looking at anything that the president does, but absolutely this should be looked into.

AMNA NAWAZ: And, David, we already saw warning signs.

Lisa reported on earlier consumer sentiment dropping.

Experts we talk to say American consumers are going to feel this really in -- starting in May or June.

How long do you think people will actually give the president, this administration to let this policy run?

DAVID BROOKS: I was really shocked by how much consumer confidence has dropped.

That was quite a plunge.

And I think it's a lot of people looking around, like I'm looking around and thinking, well, I can now afford to retire in 2097.

Like, I mean, people's -- the majority of Americans have money in the stock market through their 401(k)s or through whatever.

And it concretely makes a difference.

And I talk to people.

Like, I was talking to a electrician recently, Trump supporter, by the way, who it's wrecking his business, and so -- a bicycle manufacturer, wrecking his business.

People who have built their companies over the whole lifetimes, and suddenly they have no supply.

Their business no longer makes sense with these tariffs.

So this is not just some political game here.

This is actually touching people's actual lives.

AMNA NAWAZ: Meanwhile, Jonathan, we saw Laura reported last night on the latest executive order from the president targeting two former Homeland Security officials who worked in the first Trump administration.

That was Miles Taylor and Chris Krebs.

And also she reported on this larger pattern of him using his executive power, using the DOJ to go after perceived political enemies and institutions, even law firms in some cases, who we have now seen actually cutting deals with the president, right?

The president just said today that some -- a number of law firms have reached deals committing some $600 million in legal work for his administration.

What do you make when you look at this bigger picture and what's the impact of those kinds of deals?

JONATHAN CAPEHART: Well, first on Miles Taylor and Chris Krebs, let's not lose sight of the fact that, even though they are former Trump administration officials in the first term, they are now private citizens.

The president of the United States is now targeting private citizens for things that they have done that he thinks have wronged him.

When it comes to the law firms, what's so -- among the many things that's so troubling about all of this, the $600 million that you just mentioned, that's $600 million in pro bono work that those law firms would have used, could have used for all the other causes and people who can't afford legal representation to help them hold the government accountable in one way or another.

And instead what the Trump administration has done has been able to work up a $600 million legal slush fund, if you will, to have the administration go after in another way his enemies.

Remember, Donald Trump ran for another term in the White House saying, "I will be your retribution," and then on the campaign trail talking about going after his political enemies, seeking vengeance.

This is what we're seeing.

This is the result.

And it should trouble everyone.

AMNA NAWAZ: David?

DAVID BROOKS: I took a lot of -- benefited a lot from piece Jonathan Rauch wrote in "The Atlantic" a couple -- maybe a month ago a couple weeks ago, saying there are certain systems - - people say Donald Trump is quite verging on authoritarianism, but the real thing he's verging on is patrimonialism.

And patrimonialism -- authoritarianism is based on institutions and a set of laws and -- but patrimonialism is the attempt to turn the government into a family business.

And it's sort of a premodern form of government, if you go back before democracy, before the Treaty of Westphalia and all that kind of stuff.

It was -- it was run by families.

And the family enriched itself.

And they took after anybody who threatened the family.

It's a little like mafioso.

JONATHAN CAPEHART: I was going to say, it sounds like the mafia.

DAVID BROOKS: It's like, you're making an offer you can't refuse.

And so Trump is treating the justice system the way the head -- the father of this patrimonialistic system would treat it.

And he's going after things that are just personal.

And so that's the erosion of democracy, which is supposed to be about clear laws that apply to everybody.

And we no longer live in that system.

AMNA NAWAZ: Meanwhile, we know this week there was a lot of headlines, a lot of news on the legal front when it comes to immigration policy.

Laura reported earlier, of course, this is a president who came in saying that he was going to go after illegal immigration, and he has.

They have taken big steps to crack down on illegal immigration.

We're also increasingly seeing them go after people who have legal status, legal protected status, legal green card holders, legal visa holders.

Jonathan, when you look at that, what is the strategy here from this White House?

JONATHAN CAPEHART: The strategy is to go after anyone the president doesn't think belongs here.

When he ran for president, he did this sort of rhetorical magic act, where people heard he's going to go after violent criminals who are here, undocumented criminals.

But then in the next breath, he should say, we're going to go after -- quote, unquote -- "criminal aliens."

Well, if you come into this country without documentation, you, by the letter of the law, are a criminal.

And so that to me was a signal, he's not just going after violent criminals.

He's going after anyone who is not here -- quote, unquote --"legally."

But also it's easy to see, given who Trump is, that he would move beyond going after those who are not -- going after the undocumented and going after others with temporary protective status, TPS, green card holders, as we're seeing.

Sadly, none of what he is doing is shocking to me.

He's been telegraphing this.

What's shocking to me is that the courts in some instances don't seem to be meeting the threat here with much vigor.

The idea that the court would say, the Supreme Court would say you need to facilitate the return of Mr. Abrego Garcia, instead of saying, no, he must be returned, that to me is very troubling.

AMNA NAWAZ: This was the man who was mistakenly deported to El Salvador.

JONATHAN CAPEHART: To El Salvador, yes.

DAVID BROOKS: Yes.

AMNA NAWAZ: All right, David, last word here in the few seconds we have left.

DAVID BROOKS: Yes, I spoke to an immigration expert earlier in the administration who had served earlier in government.

And she said, they're -- you're going to see a lot of show business here, that they don't actually have the facilities to deport masses of people.

We just don't have the airplane seats, frankly.

But they can show their viciousness by doing big things that will play well on FOX.

And some of the deportations show they're vicious, they're tough, they're taking care of this problem.

But a lot of it is show business, but the crueler, the better.

AMNA NAWAZ: David Brooks, Jonathan Capehart, great to see you both.

Thank you so much.

JONATHAN CAPEHART: Thanks, Amna.

AMNA NAWAZ: The film "Warfare," which premieres tonight in theaters across the country, is not your typical war movie.

Geoff Bennett spoke recently with the writer and co-director, Ray Mendoza.

GEOFF BENNETT: Ray Mendoza is a former Navy SEAL.

And "Warfare" tells the true story of a mission Mendoza himself participated in, when he and his team were ambushed while conducting a surveillance operation gone awry in Ramadi, Iraq, in 2006.

(GUNSHOTS) ACTOR: You hurt?

ACTOR: I'm good.

I'm good.

Check on Elliott.

I think our gear is still in there.

ACTOR: Yes.

ACTOR: Put your arm up.

ACTOR: How bad is it?

ACTOR: Yes, we're going to need (INAUDIBLE) GEOFF BENNETT: The film is based entirely on the memory of those who lived through it.

And Mendoza and his directing partner, Alex Garland, say their goal was to ensure a high level of authenticity to capture the pain, exhaustion, and brutal reality of war.

Our discussion is part of our arts and culture series, Canvas.

Ray Mendoza, director of the new film "Warfare," thanks for coming in.

RAY MENDOZA, Co-Director, "Warfare": Thanks for having me.

GEOFF BENNETT: The process of stitching together the memories of the people who were actually there, what was that like?

RAY MENDOZA: It was a bit tricky, actually, because memories under stress, oftentimes, they will -- you and I can experience a car wreck, and when asked to explain it, your recollection of it may be different than mine.

I may not be affected at all and you can, like, not remember anything.

And so, when we're dealing with these memories, some people remember something, some don't, or they happen at different times.

And so, a lot of times, we would need like a tiebreaker.

If someone says, no, I put the tourniquet on, if another person says no, I did it.

In this case, the Will Poulter character, we both felt we did it, but then Joe, played by Joe Quinn, was like, no, Ray did this and then you did that.

And then it was like, oh, OK.

So we were kind of both right and both wrong.

So that's kind of how the whole process was with everything.

It was really just a matter of a lot of investigative work, just a lot like a forensic approach to it.

GEOFF BENNETT: This film is getting a lot of praise for its authentic portrayal of warfare.

It's these long, unedited scenes.

There's no musical score.

Tell me about that, those creative choices.

RAY MENDOZA: Yes, the -- oftentimes, we can use score.

It's like normal Hollywood film grammar.

We can use score to manipulate the scene.

I can make you feel how I want you to feel.

And so we wanted to remove that.

And I wanted to just use the performance of the actors and live in their moments.

And in regards to the long scenes, we kind of created these like little miniature plays, these blocks.

And there's a lot of things that are concurrently happening.

So I would make an example, if you're in a party and there's a bunch of people talking, it just sounds like white noise.

But if you were to just focus on one group, you would now hear what they're talking.

Everybody was constantly doing something.

And we just focused the camera on where it needed to be based off when we needed it, what we needed to tell.

GEOFF BENNETT: What was the casting process like?

What was it like choosing someone to play you and the other Navy SEALs who lived through that experience?

RAY MENDOZA: Yes, for everyone -- well, I will get to specifically me.

But I kind of had these checks, like these boxes that I needed to check.

And one of them was youth.

I really wanted viewers to understand that it's the youth that typically fight these wars.

The next kind of check of the box was like attitude, attitude and preparedness.

So, when I present my expectations, like, we're going to have really long days.

It's going to be really difficult.

You're going to be tired.

It's going to be stressful.

You're probably going to be hungry.

You're not going to have a lot of time to go back to your trailer.

And if the response is like, well, I don't know, like, OK, you're probably not on the list.

But somebody was like, yes, I need this, I want this, that's kind of a good indicator that their work ethic is going to be what we need on set.

GEOFF BENNETT: What's it feel like now to watch the finished project?

RAY MENDOZA: I'm super proud of the crew, the cast.

Having us there puts a lot of stress.

And I think that helped push them past what they thought they were capable of doing, but extremely proud.

GEOFF BENNETT: Watching the film as a viewer, we know very little about the Iraqis who were present that day.

RAY MENDOZA: Yes.

GEOFF BENNETT: And it also strikes me that the service members knew very little about the Iraqis as well.

Did that track with your experience?

RAY MENDOZA: It's portrayed exactly like it is.

Most of us don't really interact with them.

We're not in there for them.

We're using their house because it's a geographical advantage.

And, oftentimes, when we interviewed the guys that were there, some of them don't recall the family at all.

And so, oftentimes, we don't really interact with them.

So, because I'm doing kind of -- I'm using memories, right, because that's our lighthouse, everything's based off memory, and that's what we remember about the family, is just that was just their role that day, that they didn't really serve any other significance other than that.

GEOFF BENNETT: Is there a particular reaction to this film that has resonated with you?

RAY MENDOZA: Yes, I mean, it's kind of what I expected, at least for veterans, was that -- because it's not only a tribute to Elliott, but a tribute to veterans.

It's like, this is a voice.

It's not the voice, but it's a voice.

And when they say, that's what it was like, like, that's what it felt like, that's what it sounded like, I feel that.

I receive that and that resonates with me, because that's what I wanted to hear.

That's what I needed to hear.

GEOFF BENNETT: Ray Mendoza, co-director of the new film "Warfare," thanks for being here.

RAY MENDOZA: Thank you, sir.

AMNA NAWAZ: Be sure to watch "Washington Week With The Atlantic" tonight right here on PBS.

Moderator Jeffrey Goldberg and his panel discuss the economic uncertainty the tariffs have unleashed and what's ahead.

And on "PBS News Weekend" tomorrow, we explore why a growing number of patients are getting hit with unexpected fees from their doctor's offices.

And that is the "News Hour" for tonight.

I'm Amna Nawaz.

On behalf of the entire "News Hour" team, thank you for joining us, and have a great weekend.