JOHN YANG: Tonight on PBS News Weekend, the White House claims more than 50 countries have reached out to negotiate as Americans brace for the impact of President Trump's sweeping tariffs.

Then, as the NCAA crown's new basketball champions, we explore how elite college athletes are being harassed online by unhappy gamblers who lose bets and how scientists are using fertility treatments in a race to save an endangered wild cat.

MAN: They're among the most beautiful cats in the world as far as different species go.

Just look at the cat.

I mean, why would you not want that animal to survive in nature?

(BREAK) JOHN YANG: Good evening.

I'm John Yang.

Across the globe this weekend, world leaders are trying to figure out how to respond to President Trump's attempt to reshape the global economy by imposing steep tariffs.

The European Union is already said to be drawing up a list of proposed retaliatory tariffs on U.S. products.

And a White House official says that more than 50 countries have contacted the administration so far to start negotiations on the import duties.

Meanwhile, after last week's market plunge, investors are anxiously awaiting the opening of Asian stock exchanges in just a few hours.

David J. Lynch is global economics correspondent for the Washington Post.

He has a new book coming out later this summer, "The World's Worst Bet: How the Globalization Gamble Went Wrong and what Would Make It Right. "

David, how big a departure is this new policy that President Trump is trying from what had been the previous policies?

DAVID LYNCH, Global Economic Correspondent, The Washington Post: This is an epic shift international economic affairs.

This is really an about face for the United States after 80 years of trying to lead the globe into a more integrated, seamless global economy with free trade, capital flows, investment moving easily across borders.

Now the president of the United States is saying, no, that was a bad deal.

It hurt Americans.

It allowed other countries to take advantage of us.

We're going to go in a different direction.

JOHN YANG: How are average Americans likely to feel the impact of this?

DAVID LYNCH: Higher prices.

JOHN YANG: On?

DAVID LYNCH: Just about everything you can think of.

I mean, he's taken a left, right shot at foreign trade with a 10 percent tariff on everything, just about every good that comes into the country, and then a separate round of much higher tariffs, up to 40 and 50 percent on some selected countries.

And so toys, furniture, smartphones, footwear, clothing, just about everything you can think of, alcohol that comes from another country, you're going to end up paying more for it.

JOHN YANG: And of course, he says, the payoff for this pain is going to be a revitalized American manufacturing sector.

Can tariffs rebuild American manufacturing?

DAVID LYNCH: Well, the President certainly think so.

Most economists would say no, or would say it would only occur over a quite long period of time and at enormous cost.

The way supply chains and manufacturing is set up now is optimized for cost and efficiency.

So anything we do to change that is going to, by definition, cost more and be less efficient.

Now, the President says essentially that's okay because we're going to get other benefits from it.

We'll get more manufacturing jobs that will help revitalize communities that have been hard hit by automation and import competition.

But it's a huge gamble.

And most economists, most people on Wall Street think he's wrong.

JOHN YANG: This is a sea change, as you said.

It's a sea change from globalization, which had been sort of the driving force since the Bill Clinton presidency.

What was the goal of globalization?

What was the idea behind it?

DAVID LYNCH: Well, the idea was simple.

Bill Clinton used to say, look, globalization is a fact, not a choice.

But this is something that's going to make us wealthier as a country.

If done right, it can contribute to peaceful relations.

It can contribute to political liberalization in places like China and Russia.

And for a long time it looked like that was happening.

But Clinton also said there are going to be winners and losers from this process.

That'll be OK because the winners gains will be so great they'll be able to provide for the losers to help those without the skills and education to capitalize on this.

But that second part never happened.

It was all just rhetoric.

JOHN YANG: And were there losers in this?

Were some people, some Americans left behind?

DAVID LYNCH: No question.

If you were - - and it was specific groups of people, those with the least amount of education, the least skills, engaged in basic manufacturing, they took it in the chops and they tended to be.

The companies they worked for tended to be clustered in certain communities.

So the cost of this process, which we should say brought enormous benefits to the country, kept inflation under control for two decades, gave us all wider product array, created a better mix of jobs in the economy.

But the costs were concentrated like an economic tumor in specific communities, and those people understandably grew to resent what was happening.

JOHN YANG: You say there are people with less education, which is also one of the deciding factors or ways of telling who people supported for president in the last election.

Did any of the architects of this globalization idea have second thoughts or acknowledge that some people lost out?

DAVID LYNCH: Yeah, people will say now, and really on both ends of the spectrum, people who worked in the Clinton administration and the Bush administration will say, you know, we should have done more.

We should have prioritized these distributional costs, done more in terms of labor market policies, in terms of relocation assistance, wage insurance and the like to help those people who really, through no fault of their own, were left behind.

But the problem now is that these issues had been left unaddressed for so long, it's metastasized into this problem that is now being treated with a very blunt solution.

JOHN YANG: David J. Lynch of the Washington Post, thank you very much.

DAVID LYNCH: Sure.

JOHN YANG: In tonight's other news, the Israeli military has changed its account of the shooting deaths of 15 emergency workers in Gaza last month as it continues to investigate the incident.

It comes after the Red Crescent released cell phone video contradicting Israel's initial version of events that troops fired on vehicles driving toward them suspiciously without lights or emergency signals.

The video shows that when the Palestinian medics got out to approach another ambulance, troops opened fire.

The U.N. said it found the workers bodies a week later, buried in a shallow grave.

Meanwhile, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is to meet with President Trump at the White House this week.

They're expected to discuss tariffs and the war in Gaza, among other issues.

A second unvaccinated child in Texas has died of measles.

A hospital spokesman said the child had been hospitalized and treated for complications from the virus.

According to the latest CDC numbers, there are 607 total cases of measles in 22 states.

97 percent of the cases involve patients who either are unvaccinated or whose vaccination status is unknown.

Severe storms and catastrophic flooding continue to soak already waterlogged areas of the south and Midwest.

Sixteen deaths are now blamed on the severe weather.

Since it began last week, areas from Texas to the Ohio Valley, from Arkansas to the Appalachians have been inundated.

Cleanup efforts could take weeks to even begin.

Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear says that in his state alone, more than 500 roads are closed.

Pope Francis made a surprise visit to St. Peter's Square today, delighting the faithful.

Aides took the pontiff through the crowd, where he received rounds of applause.

It's the first public appearance for the 88-year-old since he got out the hospital two weeks ago.

The pope, who continues to receive supplemental oxygen, made brief remarks asking the crowd to pray for health care workers.

And Alex Ovechkin has broken Wayne Gretzky's record for regular season NHL goals.

The Washington Capitals left winger scored number 895 in this afternoon's game against the New York Islanders.

The 39-year-old Ovechkin began this season his 20th, needing 41 goals to surpass Gretzky, whose record had stood for 31 years.

Still to come on PBS News Weekend, how the surge in sports betting is leading to a rise in online harassment of elite college athletes and the efforts by scientists to kick start a new generation of ocelots.

(BREAK) JOHN YANG: A good number of those watching today's NCAA women's basketball championship and tomorrow's men's championship will have some money riding on the outcomes.

According to an American Gaming association estimate, more than $3 billion will have been bet on this year's tournaments.

That's more than February's Super Bowl.

The NCAA says that's led to a distressing consequence, online abuse of players, coaches and officials from losing bettors.

It's so bad that the NCAA has launched a social media and commercial campaign.

MAN: Root for your team, get crazy when the buzzer sounds, but don't harass anyone because you lost the bet.

It's time we draw the line and put an end to the abuse.

JOHN YANG: The NCAA says they're concerned about the mental well-being of student athletes.

Brett Woods is a sports psychologist with the University of Kansas Health System.

Brett, last night, a big upset.

Houston, big comeback to beat Duke.

Is this the sort of game that's likely to trigger a lot of these angry betters to reach out to the athletes, to the players?

BRETT WOODS, The University of Kansas Health System: Yeah, on a number of levels.

One, when you look at it being a semifinal Final Four game, the intensity of what's at stake, how many fans are watching, and then when you think about how close the game was, I think with a minute and 13 left in the game, if you're a Duke fan, I think you're riding high because you had 80 plus percent odds by the analytics that you're going to win that game.

And then Houston comes back and makes a few key plays offensively, defensively, those odds swing in their favor.

So you've got that adrenaline rush in the final moments of a game.

So this is kind of one of those situations that I think is ripe for people to feel a lot of that adrenaline rush and maybe make some commentary towards players after the game.

JOHN YANG: And these players already have a lot of pressure on them.

The performance on the playing field, the court, the arena, also the pressure performance of the classroom.

What does this additional pressure from people who've lost a bet and may be angry.

What does this do to their mental well being?

BRETT WOODS: Well, I think one and I really appreciate the NCAA coming forward with the Draw the Line campaign.

What you're starting to see, you know, in the last 5, 10, 15 years with the increase in social media is it's having a very big impact on our student athletes mental health and well-being.

So some of the things that I like to educate the athletes that I work with is that how much you're using social media can of course affect your mental well-being.

So when we get to about that three-hour mark or more, we see rates of anxiety, depression going up, we see that alienation from self and others kind of going up.

So you have that the influence of social media on top of fans who have a vested interest financially and the outcomes of games I think being ripe for affecting the kind of mental health and well-being of our student athletes.

You have fans now reaching out in ways and platforms that didn't exist five, 10 years ago through Instagram and Twitter or X and other kind of social media platforms.

And because of what they have on the line.

It's one thing when we're dressing in our team gear and we're celebrating, we're excited.

But then when you put money on the line, it goes beyond ego, then it goes into other forms of risk and reward.

And so when those bettors, when they lose that money, it activates that part of our brain or body that puts us in threat and we're more likely to be harassing or saying and doing things that we wouldn't typically say and do in our normal lives.

So, one of the terms that we have in the world of psychology is the idea of bracketed morality.

That idea of in sport context, when money's on the line, we suspend our moral beliefs and our values and we may for all intents and purposes be good and decent people a majority of the time.

But in these types of contexts, people say and do things that they typically wouldn't because they've lost something and they get into that threat mode.

JOHN YANG: The NCAA says that women athletes get three times the abuse as male athletes during March Madness.

What does that additional pressure do on female athletes?

BRETT WOODS: I think when we look at the female student athlete, they have additional pressures and stresses that sometimes the male student athlete faces.

And I'm a part at the University of Kansas, the female athlete program.

And one of the things that we talk about is just the holistic aspect of it in terms of when you think about body image and self-esteem, when you think about just the added pressures that exist for student athletes, female student athletes, you add in this layer of money on the line.

And I think student athletes, especially female student athletes, have additional pressures that we're seeing above and beyond their male counterparts.

JOHN YANG: You're dealing with the targets of this abuse.

What message would you have for the people who were sending this out, who were losing bets and getting angry?

BRETT WOODS: I think that's a great question because I think we have to appeal to shared humanity.

The example that I like to give is I want you to imagine that your worst day at school, at work, and I want you to imagine what that felt like.

And probably a very small proportion of people know about that worst day.

Well, I want you to zoom out and imagine now that tens of millions of people now know that about that worst day.

Right.

And they're criticizing, critiquing you for every decision that you made.

They're harassing you and telling you that you're no good.

And that's kind of a nice way of putting it.

Some of the student athletes that are facing way worse kind of abuse and harassment than that.

But I want you to imagine that worst day of yours and all the feelings that came along with it.

And I want you to imagine receiving all that critique and all that hate probably going to make you feel a certain way.

Right.

So I think we need to appeal to that shared humanity.

Take a step back and recognize that what took you maybe 5, 10 seconds to type is going to have a compounding effect on the health and well-being of our student athletes.

JOHN YANG: Brett woods from the University of Kansas Health System, thank you very much.

BRETT WOODS: Thank you.

JOHN YANG: Reefs are vibrant underwater ecosystems teeming with life.

Artificial human made reefs have been deployed around the country to enhance and protect coastlines.

According to one recent study, the area they occupy on the sea floor is the equivalent of 3,600American football fields.

And as Ali Rogin reports, what some of them are made of might surprise you.

ALI ROGIN (voice-over): Half a century ago, the SS United States set a record when it became the fastest ocean liner to cross the Atlantic Ocean.

Now it may set another record, becoming the world's largest artificial reef.

In February, the historic ship departed from its dock in Philadelphia, where it had been retired, and set sail to Mobile, Alabama.

Arriving in early March.

There, the ship will be stripped of chemicals, oil and other hazardous materials before eventually being sunk in the deep waters off the coast of Florida's Panhandle.

The aim of the project is to build tourism and create a new habitat for marine wildlife.

But artificial reefs, which can be made out of cinder blocks, lighthouses, and tires, in addition to ships, can also protect coastlines from storms by weakening waves crashing into shore.

That's the purpose of the U.S. Department of defense's re fence project, which is working to deploy artificial reefs in the waters off its coastal military bases.

Catherine Campbell manages the program.

Catherine, thank you so much for being here.

Why is the military looking into artificial reefs?

CATHERINE CAMPBELL, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency: The military is looking into artificial reefs as a solution to protecting our coastal infrastructure.

And so we're looking for sustainable solutions that can protect the over 1700 bases and coastal installations that the DoD manages.

ALI ROGIN: So give me an example of a place where an artificial reef like this could have made a difference in terms of some of the damage that was later wrought to the military installation.

CATHERINE CAMPBELL: So, in 2018, Hurricane Michael swept through the panhandle of Florida and pretty much wiped most of Tyndall Air force base off of the map.

Almost every building on the base was destroyed.

It's a more than $5 billion project to rebuild this.

And so we're hoping that things like reef ENS can help protect our shorelines from storm damage like this.

ALI ROGIN: And how does that work?

How do these artificial reefs actually protect the shoreline?

CATHERIN CAMPBELL: The reefs that we are designing in this program are designed.

They're made of concrete.

But unlike a traditional breakwater, which is a solid piece of concrete, these are actually very porous structures.

They have lots of holes in them.

And so it's designed that when a wave comes up to these structures, all the energy is dissipated through them, and then you get calm water behind these reef structures.

So when you have a solid piece of concrete, like a traditional breakwater, the wave comes up and hits it and then reflects back out to sea.

It can cause all kinds of sediment, erosion, damage, and so it really doesn't protect the shoreline as well as some of these new structures can.

ALI ROGIN: Fascinating.

And why is it that this is such a useful application for military purposes?

CATHERINE CAMPBELL: So the other reason we're doing this is really to make something that is self-sustaining.

So the concrete pieces of this are just one part of our structures.

We also have an organic part, a biological part that is part of this system.

And so depending on where these structures are put in temperate waters we're going to use oysters, and in tropical waters we will use corals.

Those organisms will grow on top of these porous structures and then over time they'll become an actual natural reef which will not need the maintenance that we see in traditional breakwaters either.

That's the intention of this program so that you get a self-sustaining reef system.

And we know from data collected around the world that natural coral reefs do a very good job at protecting coastlines.

And so this is just a way to jumpstart that process and put these reef systems in where they might not otherwise be.

ALI ROGIN: And you recently installed one of these test projects.

How did that go and what did you learn from it?

CATHERINE CAMPBELL: Yeah, so we installed a test reef and these are still big projects.

So the test reef is 50 meters long.

It was installed off of Tyndall Air Force Base in November.

So we've seen some good storms come through this winter.

We've gotten a lot of good data to show that really these are working exactly as intended.

ALI ROGIN: What about the potential for civilian applications of this exact technology that you're piloting here?

CATHERINE CAMPBELL: Yeah, absolutely.

There is no reason that these could not be adopted for civilian infrastructure protection.

Part of our program is also looking at the techno economic analyses of these projects.

So, you know, do they compare with putting in traditional breakwater?

It's hard to put things in if they cost more than that.

So we're really pushing our performers to make sure these are comparable in their installation costs and then much lower in their maintenance costs.

So they become very attractive to putting in.

ALI ROGIN: Catherine Campbell, program manager for DARPA.

Thank you so much for joining us.

CATHERINE CAMPBELL: Thank you so much for having.

JOHN YANG: Finally tonight, while ocelots are widespread in south and Central America, in the United States they're on the brink of extinction.

They were once over hunted for their coats and now they face shrinking habitats.

Researchers hope that the key to restoring this species can be found in fertility treatments.

This is part of our series Saving Species.

JOHN YANG (voice-over): In an operating room in Texas, veterinarians prep their patient for surgery.

Mila is a five-year-old ocelot, a wild cat similar to A leopard or jaguar distinguished by their spotted golden brown fur.

BILL SWANSON, Director, Animal Research: They're among the most beautiful cats in the world as far as different species go.

JOHN YANG (voice-over): Ocelots were once plentiful in the U.S. Southwest, but now fewer than 100 remain in Arizona and Texas as human activity has eaten away at their habitat.

Since 2023, a team from the Cincinnati Zoo has been part of efforts seeking to boost their numbers by attempting to breed wild ocelots with those in using fertility treatments.

Bill Swanson is the zoo's director of animal research.

BILL SWANSON: Just look at the cat.

I mean, why would you not want that animal to survive in nature?

JOHN YANG (voice-over): The collaborators on this project are four zoos, Texas A and M University, and the East Foundation, a southwest Texas nonprofit that protects wildlife habitats through land conservation practices.

In the operating room, Mila's eggs are surgically removed, fertilized with a male's semen, and placed in an incubator.

BILL SWANSON: That's part of the process that we have to build up the managed population in the breeding facility that we can rewild and put back in nature.

JOHN YANG (voice-over): Ashley Reeves is a research veterinarian at the East Foundation.

ASHLEY REEVES, Research Veterinarian: When the fur trade became very popular, they were hunted down for their beautiful fur and then also loss of habitat, human encroachment, large cities being built, and roadways.

JOHN YANG (voice-over): Unlike domestic cats, ocelots typically produce very small litters.

BILL SWANSON: An ocelot usually has one kitten.

So ocelots are very slowly reproducing animals naturally in a lab.

JOHN YANG (voice-over): Reeves checks on Mila's procedure.

In recent years, her team has attempted 13 artificial inseminations and four in vitro fertilizations.

None were viable.

ASHLEY REEVES: So we're seeing an egg from her procedure, and were hopeful that it was fertilized and cleaved, but it did not.

And so it's just an egg that did not fertilize.

So we do not have it in for you.

JOHN YANG (voice-over): Still, Reeves and Swanson say each attempt brings them closer to rebuilding the ocelot population.

BILL SWANSON: It's not just saving the ocelot.

It's saving the habitat and ecosystem where it lives.

JOHN YANG (voice-over): By this fall, there will be a new facility in South Texas where ocelots will undergo fertility procedures and where these endangered cats can learn how to thrive in the wild.

JOHN YANG: Now online, an inside look at what farmers and researchers are learning about growing and selling truffles stateside.

All that and more is on our website, PBS.org NewsHour.

And that is PBS News Weekend for this Sunday.

Tomorrow on the NewsHour, how the Taiwanese government is preparing its citizens for a potential war with China.

I'm John Yang.

For all of my colleagues, thanks for joining us.

Have a good week.